Poland

Poland (Polish: Polska [ˈpɔlska] (about this soundlisten)), officially the Republic of Poland (Polish: Rzeczpospolita Polska[c] [ʐɛt͡ʂpɔˈspɔlita ˈpɔlska] (about this soundlisten)), is a rustic located in valuable Europe.[13] it is divided into sixteen administrative subdivisions, covering a place of 312,696 rectangular kilometres (120,733 sq.Mi), and has a in large part temperate seasonal climate.[8] With a population of approximately 38.Five million human beings, Poland is the sixth maximum populous member kingdom of the ecu Union.[8] Poland's capital and largest town is Warsaw. Other important towns include Kraków, Łódź, Wrocław, Poznań, Gdańsk, and Szczecin.

Poland is bordered with the aid of the Baltic Sea, Russia's Kaliningrad Oblast and Lithuania to the north, Belarus and Ukraine to the east, Slovakia and Czech Republic, to the south, and Germany to the west.

The establishment of the Polish state may be traced returned to ad 966, when Mieszko I,[14] ruler of the area coextensive with the territory of present-day Poland, converted to Christianity. The kingdom of Poland turned into founded in 1025, and in 1569 it cemented its longstanding political association with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania through signing the Union of Lublin. This union fashioned the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, one in all the largest (approximately one million square kilometres (390,000 sq.Mi)) and maximum populous nations of 16th- and seventeenth-century Europe, with a uniquely liberal political gadget[15][16] which followed Europe's first written national charter, the constitution of 3 may additionally 1791.

More than a century after the partitions of Poland on the stop of the 18th century, Poland regained its independence in 1918 with the Treaty of Versailles. In September 1939, global battle II began with the invasion of Poland with the aid of Germany, observed by the Soviet Union invading Poland in accordance with the Molotov–Ribbentrop %. More than six million Polish citizens, inclusive of 90% of the us of a's Jews, perished in the warfare.[17][18] In 1947, the Polish human beings's Republic became set up as a satellite tv for pc kingdom under Soviet have an impact on.[19] within the aftermath of the Revolutions of 1989, maximum significantly thru the emergence of the harmony motion, Poland reestablished itself as a presidential democratic republic.

Poland is a developed market and regional power. It has the 8th biggest and one of the most dynamic economies in the european Union,[20] simultaneously accomplishing a very excessive rank at the Human improvement Index.[21] moreover, the Polish stock exchange in Warsaw is the largest and most essential in central Europe.[22] Poland is a developed u . S . A .,[23] which keeps a excessive-profits economic system[24] in conjunction with very excessive requirements of dwelling, lifestyles pleasant,[25] protection, training, and financial freedom.[26][27] Poland has a evolved school educational device. The us of a gives free college schooling, state-funded social protection, and a standard health care system for all citizens.[28][29] Poland has 15 UNESCO world background sites, 14 of which can be cultural.[30] Poland is a member state of the ecu Union, the Schengen location, the United international locations, NATO, the OECD, the 3 Seas Initiative, and the Visegrád group.