Colombia

Colombia (/okayəˈlʌmbiə/ (approximately this soundlisten) okə-LUM-bee-ə, /-ˈlɒm-/ -⁠LOM-; Spanish: [koˈlombja] (approximately this soundlisten)), formally the Republic of Colombia (Spanish: about this soundRepública de Colombia (help·info)),[Note 1] is a sovereign kingdom largely situated within the northwest of South the us, with territories in important the us. Colombia stocks a border to the northwest with Panama, to the east with Venezuela and Brazil and to the south with Ecuador and Peru.[11] It shares its maritime limits with Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras, Jamaica, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic.[12] Colombia is a unitary, constitutional republic comprising thirty- departments, with the capital in Bogota.

Colombia has been inhabited by numerous indigenous peoples due to the fact that 12,000 BCE, consisting of the Muisca, Quimbaya, and the Tairona. The Spanish arrived in 1499 and by means of the mid-16th century conquered and colonized lots of the location, setting up the brand new state of Granada, with Santafé de Bogotá as its capital. Independence from Spain turned into finished in 1819, but via 1830 the "Gran Colombia" Federation became dissolved, with what's now Colombia and Panama emerging because the Republic of new Granada. The brand new nation experimented with federalism because the Granadine Confederation (1858), after which the us of Colombia (1863), earlier than the Republic of Colombia turned into eventually declared in 1886. Panama seceded in 1903, leading to Colombia's gift borders. Beginning in the 1960s, the u . S . Suffered from an asymmetric low-depth armed struggle and rampant political violence, both of which escalated inside the 1990s. Given that 2005, there has been full-size improvement in safety, balance, and rule of law.[13]

Colombia is one of the maximum ethnically and linguistically numerous countries inside the world, with its rich cultural heritage reflecting affects by means of indigenous peoples, eu agreement, forced African migration, immigration from Europe and the center East. Urban centres are normally placed in the highlands of the Andes mountains and the Caribbean coast.

Colombia is most of the global's 17 megadiverse countries, and the maximum densely biodiverse according to square kilometer;[14] its territory encompasses Amazon rainforest, tropical grassland and coastlines along each the Caribbean and Pacific.

Colombia is a middle power and local actor in Latin the usa.[4] it is a part of the CIVETS institution of six leading emerging markets and a member of the UN, the WTO, the OECD, the OAS, the Pacific Alliance, and other worldwide businesses.[15] Colombia's diverse economy is the fourth biggest in Latin the united states, with macroeconomic stability and favorable long-term increase prospects.[16][17]